Jack-in-the-pulpit

Birds, squirrels and deer mice eat the berries of this plant and disperse its seeds in their excrement.
Conventional pollinating insects (bees and bumblebees) are not attracted to jack-in-the-pulpit flowers. Midges, tiny biting insects from the Ceratopogonidae family, visit the plant, picking up pollen seeds from the male flowers as they leave through a small opening at the base of the rolled-up spathe. Because the female plant does not have such an opening, the insects may leave pollen on the female flowers as they hunt for it. It is not known why midges visit these flowers and jack-in-the-pulpit pollination is poorly understood.