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Insects and other arthropods

House centipede

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Scutigera coleoptrata

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Description

The house centipede is a fast-moving myriapod that you may sometimes find indoors. Myriapods are wingless land-dwelling arthropods with long, segmented bodies and an impressive number of legs.

Despite their size, there’s no need to worry if you spot a house centipede. They pose no health risk to people or pets, and they don’t cause any damage to your home.

The house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata) belongs to the class Chilopoda, which includes about 3,500 known species. Centipedes are characterized by having one pair of legs per body segment.

Its body can reach up to 4 cm in length. The head bears a pair of antennae, often longer than the body, which act as sensory detectors, helping it pick up vibrations and scents.

The hind legs are longer than the legs closer to the head. This arrangement likely helps centipedes move quickly, since the rear legs can swing without getting in the way of the front ones.

The last pair of legs carries sensory structures and is not used for walking. Instead, it functions a bit like a second pair of antennae at the other end of the body.

Life cycle

During reproduction, the male and female perform a courtship dance: they touch one another with their antennae and move in circles. In the male, sperm is packaged in a small, thin-walled sac called a spermatophore.

After the male deposits the spermatophore on the ground, the female positions herself over it and draws it into her reproductive tract, allowing the eggs to be fertilized. The eggs are laid individually on the ground.

At hatching, young centipedes have only rudimentary legs. The segments of these appendages increase gradually over six successive moults.

Once the legs are fully formed, the house centipede continues developing through four more moults, growing each time until it reaches sexual maturity.uring mating, the male and female touch each other with their antennae and move in a circle. The male’s sperm is contained in a small, thin-walled pouch called a spermatophore. During the mating dance, the male places the spermatophore on the ground. The female then places herself on the small pouch, letting it penetrate her genital area, where it fertilizes her eggs.

Eggs are laid individually on the ground. Depending on her size, a female may lay from 130 to 290 eggs. When they are born, centipedes only have the beginning of legs. The number of segments these appendages have increases little by little over the course of six moults. When its legs are fully formed, the centipede undergoes four more moults that enable it to grow and reach sexual maturity.

Geographic distribution

The house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata) is the only species in the family Scutigeridae found in Quebec. Native to Europe, it was likely introduced to North America in the cargo carried by the first ships to reach the continent. Since then, it has spread to many countries and is now found worldwide.